China's National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL) is the catalogue of medications covered under the country's public health insurance system. The NRDL aims to enhance healthcare accessibility by subsidizing essential and innovative drugs, thereby reducing out-of-pocket expenses for patients. This 2023 edition of the list, released on December 13th 2023 and effective since January 1st 2024, saw 126 new drugs added, including 15 for rare diseases. The average 61.7 percent price reductions that drugs on this list means more affordable medication for patients in China, but severe price pressure on the pharmaceutical industry sponsors. Additionally, despite expansions, some innovative and high-cost therapies remain excluded from the NRDL, limiting treatment options for patients with specific conditions. For example, certain advanced cancer therapies and rare disease treatments have faced challenges in gaining inclusion.

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